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1 Overview of Computer Network Security

Computer Network Security generally refers to the scientific application of management and technical protection measures to comprehensively maintain system security, prevent data from being infringed by external sources, or being tampered with and destroyed. Computer Network Security includes both hardware and software aspects, which can protect data integrity and privacy security, and promote more comprehensive and efficient network services. The security risks of computer networks specifically include the following points. First, the probability of system being monitored is relatively high. Computer networks include the scientific application to terminals, due to the technical characteristics of network access, the possibility of terminal computers being monitored is great. Hackers can obtain user information further using IP addresses, so the possibility of user data being leaked is high [1]. Secondly, network authentication. The network security password largely determines whether the computer network is secure, some trojan programs can crack simple computer passwords to obtain internal information. Finally, the concealment of hacker methods. As network technology continues to develop, hacker methods are becoming more complex and have great concealment. Therefore, ordinary users cannot precisely identify false emails and websites, resulting in the leakage of their information. Overall, the continuous advancement of network information technology, on the one hand, provides great convenience for network security maintenance, promoting the continuous development of network security maintenance work, on the other hand, it also brings many challenges to network security work. Based on this background, the effective application of network security technology should be strengthened, continuously enhancing the level of network security maintenance, thereby promoting the healthy development of computer networks.

2 Problems in Network Security Maintenance

With the advancement of the economy and the continuous development of network information technology, in actual life and work, the use of computer networks by people is gradually increasing, and computer networks play an increasingly important role, significantly enhancing people's quality and efficiency of life. However, based on the extensive use of network technology, network security issues also arise endlessly. In this regard, it is necessary to improve and innovate network security technology, enhance its application in security maintenance work, constantly increasing its safety performance. For problems in network security maintenance, this article mainly analyzes from the following aspects: system vulnerabilities, computer virus issues, network hacker attacks, weak protocols, network openness, and the need to improve maintenance awareness, for reference.

2.1 System Vulnerabilities

Contemporary computer operating systems have prominent expansibility and openness, contributing to the research and development work of relevant technicians, but this also increases system security risks. Research results show that all computer systems have certain technical vulnerabilities, which create possibilities for some lawbreakers to invade, greatly threatening system security.

2.2 Computer Virus Issues

Computer viruses have a high degree of contagiousness and destructive power. Overall, viruses include many types, such as trojans and spyware viruses. Among them, script viruses mainly use web scripts to further spread the virus, taking system vulnerabilities as core attack targets, while simultaneously damaging terminals, and consequently deeply controlling programs. Trojan viruses are a kind of disguised software intended for users to download and apply, executing destruction of their computer, stealing user information, and sometimes even achieving remote control of the host. Spyware viruses hijack information through homepages and user connections, applying coercive means further to attract people's visits [2]. In the continuous development of information technology, more types of viruses have emerged, greatly impacting network security.

2.3 Network Hacker Attacks

Nowadays, there are many attack methods used by hackers, generally including exploitation attacks, denial of service attacks, false attacks, script virus attacks, etc. Exploitation attack methods mainly control the user's computer through trojans or viruses; while denial of service attacks usually exhaust people's network traffic through big data flow, sometimes even causing system paralysis. False information attacks usually transmit attacking software and viruses to users, implanting them into terminals. Script virus attacks leverage script vulnerabilities to hijack homepages, or cause pop-ups on computer web pages, resulting in systems unable to run normally, even leading to crashes.

2.4 Weak Protocols

Most current computer networks use the TCP/IP protocol. It specifies how devices connect to the internet and defines the standards for data transmission. The protocol uses a four-layer hierarchical structure, for any layer, it's based on calling the lower layer, to satisfy needs according to the provided protocol. In this protocol's operation, TCP needs to find transmission problems, release signals immediately when problems exist, requesting retransmission until all data is correctly transmitted to the target location [3]. As for IP, it is responsible for providing an address to electronic equipment, but this protocol does not entirely protect network security and cannot protect computer systems.

2.5 Network Openness

Computer networks have many characteristics, the most fundamental being openness, which is also the key factor causing security problems. From the computer domain perspective, the network belongs to a virtual platform, responsible for transmitting, obtaining, and sharing information, able to fuse various data resources, thus achieving resource sharing. Therefore, in using the network, data often gets collected, organized, and shared based on the network, this situation is unable to completely keep data resources confidential, creating possibilities for lawbreakers. Some lawbreakers make use of modern technology or means, such as information technology, to steal others' information, send viruses to others, leading to computer network security issues bursting, unfavorable for network security maintenance.

2.6 Need to Improve Maintenance Awareness

Despite the significant progress in computer network technology in today's society, there is still a lack of relevant talent, with not many high-quality professionals. In computer network applications, many users do not have the awareness for safe operation and maintenance. When using computers, they work based only on personal preferences and habits, without analyzing personal operating behavior, which may lead to cybersecurity issues. Over time, incorrect operating habits are formed during prolonged use and operation. Many users' security awareness is not high, nor do they actively learn related knowledge. They have not developed good computer network security protection habits and operating methods.

3 Strategies for Maintaining Network Security

Based on the above analysis, during the application of computer networks, modern network information technology should be actively introduced to minimize network threat factors as much as possible, thus promoting better development of network security. In the process of network maintenance, regarding the specific application of network security technology and related strategies, this paper mainly explores the following aspects: installing firewalls, strengthening management, scientifically introducing encryption technology, bringing in advanced talents, intrusion detection technology, the use of MPLS technology, and the use of IPS technology, for reference.

3.1 Installation and Upgrade of Firewalls and Antivirus Software

Computer firewalls are scientifically designed based on computer network technology to ensure security, promoting more efficient and stable network technology. From the specific application of firewalls, servers should be scientifically applied, while considering them as safety points, actively conducting data scanning and research, fully controlling attack issues and abnormal network operations, adopting feasible methods to isolate servers, and preventing further virus spread, minimizing the harm caused by computer viruses to the system. Computer operating systems need to actively establish security protection systems while efficiently transmitting and filtering network information based on scientific application of servers to ensure information security[4]. To better solve system viruses, antivirus software should be installed and regularly used to scan the system, playing a positive role during normal system operations. Computer network users also need to timely upgrade operating systems, scientifically install patches, and effectively fix network vulnerabilities to avoid virus intrusions.

3.2 Strengthening Daily Management

Network management technicians should timely identify vulnerabilities during regular system application, simultaneously mastering system upgrade status, using feasible means to patch vulnerabilities, to guide users towards correct operational habits and effectively enhance network security. Antivirus and anti-virus software should be scientifically introduced through formal channels to download, preventing unknown software occurrences, and truly enhancing system work effectiveness. To prevent email attack issues, users should be guided to precisely distinguish unknown emails, ensuring that problems are seriously solved, preventing virus infection situations. All terminal IP addresses are unique; hence, this address should be comprehensively protected. Generally, IP addresses have a certain level of concealment, but during online chats, the probability of these addresses being exposed is higher, creating possibilities for lawbreakers. For such phenomena, comprehensive consideration of network data security needs is necessary, formulating and perfecting the network operating system, and when using firewalls and antivirus software, network data security should be protected comprehensively. Network maintenance workers must regulate computer network access rules, not randomly download files from the network, and not enter bad and dangerous websites, creating a safe network user environment to ensure network operation is not abnormal. Users need to improve personal protection awareness, ensuring the passwords for the computer networks they visit are relatively complex and hard to crack. At the same time, passwords should be regularly changed to prevent information leakage due to password exposure or cracking.

3.3 Reasonable Application of Encryption Technology

Data encryption refers to the comprehensive processing of readable plaintext information, converting it into unreadable code. The opposite technology is called data decryption. Addressing security hazards on the internet, to better ensure internet security, more attention should be paid to data encryption work. For computer networks, encryption is a basic preventive measure. When encrypting files, corresponding passwords should be used, which is conducive to avoiding data leakage during transmission. Fundamentally, this technology can be applied not only in communication confidentiality but also in security mechanisms, thus better ensuring computer network security and laying a solid foundation for it. In addition, during the implementation of encryption, effective introduction of password technology is required to facilitate long-distance data transmission, thus ensuring data security.

3.4 Enhancing Network Security Awareness

Enhancing security awareness can promote the orderly development of network security maintenance work, which is a reasonable application of computer network technology and plays a crucial role in correcting people's network usage habits. Meanwhile, strengthening security awareness can encourage people to actively learn related knowledge, understand network security technology, and promote the good application of network security technology in security maintenance work. In actual life, relevant departments should focus on network security publicity, using banners and other methods to publicize the importance of network security, further enhancing people's security awareness, and effectively utilizing network security technology to promote the smooth progress of network security maintenance work[5-6].

3.5 Actively Introducing Advanced Talents

By leveraging excellent cybersecurity technology workers, computer network security can be better ensured, which is an important measure in network security maintenance work. Relevant units should establish talent introduction systems and scientific talent introduction strategies, using salaries and benefits to attract talent and retain outstanding talents. Based on the introduction of excellent talents, more advanced technical knowledge and concepts can be brought in, comprehensively ensuring the scientific utilization of network security technology, laying a solid foundation for network security maintenance work and having a crucial role. In this process, relevant units are required to enhance the training of related talents, continuously improving their technical levels, and further promoting the scientific utilization of network security technology.

3.6 Intrusion Detection Technology

Intrusion Detection Technology is widely applied, playing a key role in computer network systems. For intrusion detection systems, they can also be referred to as network monitoring systems. Based on the application of this technology in network security maintenance, it generally uses computer software, among others, to detect a series of data information spread on the network, then compare them with the network intrusion database to obtain intrusion data in the first instance, thereby implementing protection for computer network security. During actual network security maintenance, Intrusion Detection Technology can be used to build a network monitoring system and conduct real-time monitoring. During this process, monitoring and detection of external information can also be carried out, effectively preventing the harm of Trojan viruses.

3.7 Application of MPLS Technology and IPS Technology

(1) Application of MPLS Technology. In network security maintenance, MPLS technology is a very important system, mainly applied in data packet switching and routing, creating multiple capabilities for network information flow.